¤åªk°ÝÃD»P¸Ñµª¡G²Ä4¶°²Ä4½g

Q¡G §Ú­Ì¥i¥H»¡ "great wealth" ¦ý«o¤£¯à»¡ "big wealth"¡A¬O§_¥i¥H½Ð±z¦hÁ|¤@¨Ç¹ê¨Ò¨Ó»¡©ú big, great ©M large »P¤@¨Ç±`¥Î¦Wµüªº©T©w·f°t (collocations) ©O?
A¡G ¦b±Ô­z©Î§Î®e¹êª« (physical objects) ®É¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î³\¦h¤£¦Pªº§Î®eµü¡A¦p large, big, tiny, minuscule, small µ¥µ¥¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦b±Ô­z©Î§Î®e«D¹êª«ªº¦Wµü (¦p joy, anger, wealth) ®É¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·¯S§Oª`·N¡A·V¿ï¡u¥[±j»y®ðªº§Î®eµü¡v(intensifying adjectives)¡C¦b­^¤å¤¤¡Abig, great ©Î large ³£¬O±Ô­z«D¹êª«©Î«D¹êÅé¦Wµü³Ì±`¥Îªº¥[±j»y®ð§Î®eµü¤§¤@¡C¯÷±N³o¤T­Ó§Î®eµü»P¤@¨Ç±`¨£¦Wµüªº©T©w·f°t ¤À§OĤ¦C©ó¦Z¡A¨Ñ¤j®a°Ñ¦Ò¡C

Big¡G¤j¦h¥Î¨Ó§Î®e¤£¦Pªº¨Æ¥ó©M¦UºØÃþ«¬ªº¤H¡C¥¦³q±`¤£¸ò¤£¥i¼Æ¦Wµü³s¥Î¡C

¤£¦Pªº¨Æ¥ó ¦UºØÃþ«¬ªº¤H
a big decision ­«¤j¨M©w a big eater ­¹¶q¤jªº¤H
a big disappointment ¤j¥¢©Ò±æ a big dreamer ·R°µ¬K¬î¤j¹Úªº¤H¡F«D±`¤£¤Á¹ê»Úªº¤H
a big improvement ­«¤j§ïµ½ a big drinker °s¶q¤jªº¤H¡F³¤°sªÌ -- ¦ý¤£­Y a heavy drinker ³q¥Î
a big mistake ¤j¿ù a big spender ªá¤j¿úªº¤H¡F´§ª÷¦p¤gªº¤H
a big surprise ¤jÅå³ß¡F¤j¦Y¤@Åå a big talker ·R§j¤ûªº¤H¡F»¡¤j¸Üªº¤H

Great¡G³q±`¥Î¨Ó§Î®eªí¥Ü·Pı¡B±¡·P©Î¯S½èªº¦Wµü¡C

(a) great admiration ¤Q¤À´Ü¨Ø a great number (of) ¤j¶qªº¡F³\¦hªº
great anger ²±«ã great power ¤jÅv¡F¤j°ê¡A±jÅv
(a) great disappointment ¤j¥¢©Ò±æ great pride ·¥¬°¦Û»¨¡F·¥¬°±o·N
great enjoyment «Ü¤jªº¼Ö½ì¡F¤j¼Ö¨Æ a great quantity (of) ¤j¶qªº
great excitement ·¥¤jªº¿³¾Ä great sensitivity °ªÆF±Ó«×
a great failure ¤Q¤À¥¢±Ñªº¨Æ¡F¤j¬°¥¢±Ñªº¤H great skill °ª¶Wªº§Þ¥©©Î§Þ¯à
great fun ¦³½ìªº¤H©Î¨Æª« great strength «Ü¤jªº¤O®ð¡B¤O¶q¡F¤H¦h¶Õ²³¡A±j¤jªº§L¤O
great happiness ·¥¤jªº©¯ºÖ great understanding ·¥±jªº²z¸Ñ¤O¡F«Ü°ªªº´¼¤O
great joy «Ü¤jªº¼Ö½ì¡F¤j¼Ö¨Æ great wealth ¥¨¤jªº°]´I
at great length ·¥¬°¸ÔºÉ¦a ¡@ ¡@

Large¡G³q±`¸ò»P¼Æ¶q©M´ú¶q¦³Ãöªº¦Wµü³s¥Î¡C¥¦³q±`¤£¸ò¤£¥i¼Æ¦Wµü³s¥Î¡C

a large amount (of) ¤j¶q a large proportion «Ü¤jªº¤ñ¨Ò¡F¤j³¡¤À
a large number (of) ³\¦h¡A«Ü¦h a large quantity (of) ¤j¶q
a large population ¤H¤f²³¦h a large scale ¤j¤ñ¨Ò¡F¤j«¬¡F¤j³W¼Ò

¤W­±©Ò¦C¶È¬° big, great ©M large + ¦Wµü¤§©T©w·f°tªº¤@³¡¥÷¦Ó¤w¡A¦ýÀ³¤w¨¬°÷»¡©ú¥¦­Ì¤§¶¡ªº¤@¨Ç®t²§¡C¥t¥~ ¡Aºô¤Í¥ç¥i°Ñ¦Ò¡u¤åªk°ÝÃD»P¸Ñµª¡v²Ä4¶°²Ä3½g²Ä12±øªº¡u"big" ©M "large" ªº¥Îªk¤Î·N«ä¦³¦ó¤£¦P?¡v¡A¥H¦¬¬Û»²¬Û¦¨¡Bºë¯q¨Dºë¤§®Ä¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý "I cannot wait to see my family." ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä?
A¡G ³o¥y¸Ü·N¬°¡u§Ú´÷±æ¨£¨ì§Úªº®a¤H¡v©Î¡u§Ú­¢¤£«æ«Ý·Q­n¨£¨ì§Úªº®a¤H¡v¡C±q³o­Ó¥y¤l§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¡AÁöµM¥y¤¤¨Ï¥Î¤F§_©wµü "cannot"¡A¦ý¥¦«oµL§_©w¤§·N¡A¤Ï¦Ó¬Oªí¥ÜªÖ©wªº·N«ä¡C­^¤å¤¤¡A¦³¨Ç§Î¦¡¤W¬Ý¦ü§_©wªº¥y«¬¡A¹ê»Ú¤W«o¬Oªí¥ÜªÖ©wªº·N«ä¡CÁöµM³oÃþ¥y«¬¦³¨Ç¬O¤j®a©Ò¼ôª¾ªº¡A¦ý³£¬O¹s¹s¸H¸H¡A©Ò¥H§Ú­Ì¥¿¦n§Q¥Î³o¾÷·|±N¥¦­Ì¾ã²zÂk¯Ç ¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ñ¤j®a°Ñ¦Ò¡C
  1. nothing/none (©Î no + ¦Wµü) but... -- ¡u¥u¦³¡F¶È¶È¡v

    Nothing/none (no + ¦Wµü) but... µ¥©ó only¡Aªí¥ÜªÖ©wªº·N«ä¡A«á±µ¦Wµü¡B¥N ¦Wµü¡B¤£©wµüµ¥¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    No one but him in our class can swim across the river. (¦b§Ú­Ì¯Z¤W¡A¥u¦³¥L¯à´å¹L³o±øªe)

    She could do nothing but wait here. (¦o§OµL¥Lªk¡A¥u¦n¦b³o¸Ìµ¥«Ý)

    He chose none but the best. (¥L¥u¿ï³Ì¦nªº)
    ¡@
  2. never (not)... but (that) -- ¡u¨C·í...¡A Á`¬O...¡F¨S¦³­þ¦¸¤£¬O...¡v¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    I never see you but I think of my mother. (¨C·í¬Ý¨£§A¡A§Ú´N·|·Q°_§Úªº¥À¿Ë)

    It never rains but it pours. (¤£¤U«h¤w¡A¤@¤U¶É¬Ö¡Fº×¤£³æ¦æ¡F«Îº|°¾³{³s©]«B)

    ¡@
  3. not... until -- ¡uª½¨ì...¤~¡v

    ¦b³o­Ó¥y«¬¤¤¡Auntil ¥i§@¤¶µü¡A¤]¥i§@³s±µµü¡C§@¤¶µü®É¡A«á±µ¦Wµü¡B¥N¦Wµü©Î¤ù»y¡F§@³s±µµü®É¡A«á±µ¤l¥y¡C not «á­±±µ«D©µÄò©Ê°Êµü©ÎÀþ¶¡°Êµü¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    He did not go to bed until his mother came back. (¥Lª½¨ì¥L¶ý¶ý¦^¨Ó¤~ºÎı)

    not... until... ¤]¥i¥Î©ó±j½Õ¥y©M­Ë¸Ë¥y¤¤¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    It was not until this morning that he finished the work. (¥Lª½¨ì¤µ¤Ñ¤W¤È¤~§¹¦¨¨º¶µ¤u§@)
    ¡@
  4. not long before -- ¡u¤£¤[...´N...¡v¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    It was not long before he appeared. (¥L¤£¤[´N¥X²{¤F)
    ¡@
  5. not/no... without... -- ¡u ¨S¦³... ´N¨S¦³...¡v

    ¦b³o­Ó¥y«¬¤¤¡A¨Ï¥Î¨â­Ó§_©w¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð¡Aªí¥ÜªÖ©wªº·N«ä (Âù­«§_©wµ¥©óªÖ©w)¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    One cannot live even a few minutes without air. (¨S¦³ªÅ®ð¡A¤H­Ì¬Æ¦Ü³s´X¤ÀÄÁ¤]¤£¯à¥Í¦s)

    There is no smoke without fire. (µL­·¤£°_®ö¡F¨Æ¥X¥²¦³¦])
    ¡@
  6. too... not to... ©M never (not) too... to... ³oÃþÂù­«§_©wªº¥y«¬¡A¤]ªí¥ÜªÖ©w·N«ä¡C

     --
    too...  not to...¬O too... to... ªº§_©w¡A·N¬°¡u«D±`... ¥²©w¯à¡F¤Ó... ¤£·|¤£¡v¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    The boy is too clever not to work out this math problem. (³o­Ó¨k«Ä«ÜÁo©ú¡A¤£·|¸Ñ¤£¥X³o¹D¼Æ¾ÇÃD)

    -- not too...  to...¡A·N¬°¡u¤£¤Ó... ©Ò¥H¯à¡v¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    He is not too old to do it. (¥L°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡A¦~Ä֨䣦Ñ)

    -- never too...  to...¡A·N¬°¡u¨M¤£¡F¥Ã¤£¡v¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    It is never too late to give up prejudices. (©ñ±ó°¾¨£¥Ã»·¤£±ß)
    ¡@
  7. cannot/couldn't + too -- ¡u·U...·U¦n¡F¦A...¤]¤£¬°¹L¡FµL½×«ç¼Ë...¤]¤£¹L¤À¡v¡C

    ¦b³o­Ó¥y«¬¤¤¡Acannot ¤]¥i§ï¥Î can hardly, scarcely, never, impossible¡Ftoo ¤]¥i§ï¥Î over, enough µ¥¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    We cannot be too careful in choosing friends. (§Ú­Ì¦b¾Ü¤Í®É·UÂÔ·V·U¦n/µL½×¦hÂÔ·V¤]¤£¬°¹L)

    A man can never have too many friends. (ªB¤Í¶V¦h¶V¦n)
    ¡@
  8.  hardly/ scarcely... when... -- ¡u¤@ (­è)... ´N...¡v¡C

    ¦b³o­Ó¥y«¬¤¤¡A when «e­±ªº¥D¥y­n¥Î¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡¡A¦Ó¨ä«áªº¤l¥y«h¥Î²³æ¹L¥h¦¡¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    He had hardly/scarcely arrived when it began to rain. (¥L¤@¨ì¹F¤Ñ´N¶}©l¤U«B¤F)
    ¡@
  9.  no sooner... than... (= hardly/ scarcely... when...) -- ¡u¤@ (­è)... ´N...¡v¡C

    ¦b³o­Ó¥y«¬¤¤¡A no sooner ¦ì¦b¥D¥y¤¤¡A¥D¥y­n¥Î¹L¥h§¹¦¨¦¡¡A¦Ó than ¤Þ¾Éªº¤l¥y«h¥Î²³æ¹L¥h¦¡¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    No sooner had they got to the theater than the concert began. (¥L­Ì­è¶i¤J¼@°|¡A­µ¼Ö·|´N¶}©l¤F)
    ¡@
  10. can't/couldn't + ¤ñ¸û¯Å -- ¬Û·í©ó³Ì°ª¯Å¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    It couldn't have happened to a nicer man! (¦A¤]¨S¦³¤H¤ñ§A§ó¦n©Î§ó´Î¤F¡F§A³Ì´Î¤F)

    I can't/couldn't agree (with you) more. (§Ú§¹¥þ¦P·N)
    ¡@
  11. none other than -- ¡u¥¿¬O¡v¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    She is none other than my teacher. (¦o¥¿¬O§Úªº¦Ñ®v)

    The letter was written by none other than Mary. (¼g³o«Ê«Hªº¥¿¬Oº¿ÄR)
    ¡@
  12. more often than not -- ¡u¸g±`¡A©¹©¹¡v¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    The street is crowded more often than not. (³o±øµó¸g±`¾ÖÀ½¤£³ô)
    ¡@
  13. not a little -- ¡u«D±`¡A¤Q¤À¡A¬Û·í¡F«Ü¦h¡v(ª`·N¡Gnot a bit = not at all -- ¡u¤@ÂI¤]¤£¡v)¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

    He is not a little tired. (¥L«D±`²Ö)

    He has not a little experience. (¥L¦³Â×´Iªº¸gÅç)
    His business is not a little promising. (¥Lªº¨Æ·~«Ü¦³«e³~)
Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦b­^¤å¤¤¦³¤£¤Ö¹³ "as poor as the church mouse" ³oºØ¥Ñ "as...as..." ©Òºc¦¨ªº¤ù»y¡A¬O§_¥i¥H½Ð±z¦hÁ|¤@¨Ç¨Ò¤l¨Ó§@¬°°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ?
A¡G ³oºØ¥Ñ "as...as..." ©Òºc¦¨ªº¤ù»y (²Ä¤@­Ó as ¤§«á±µ§Î®eµü¡A²Ä¤G­Ó as ¤§«á±µ¦Wµü) ¬O­^¤å­×Ãã¤â¬q©Î¤ñ³ë»¡ªk (rhetorical devices or figures of speech) ¤§¤@ªº ¡u©ú³ë©Îª½³ë¡v(simile -- ª`·N³o­Ó¦r»P smile ¤§µo­µ©M«÷¦rªº¤£¦P) ªºÀ³¥Î¡Csimile ³oºØ¤ñ³ë¤è¦¡¦b¤é±`¥Í¬¡ªº¥æ½Í¤¤¸g±`¥i¥HÅ¥¨ì¡A¥¦¬O¥Î¤@¥ó¨Æª«¥h¤ñ³ë¥t¤@¨Æª«¡A³q±`¥H like ©Î as ¨Ó¤Þ¾É¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦b¦¹§Ú­Ì±N¶È¦C¥X¨Ï¥Î as °µ¶}ÀYªº¤ù»y¡A¦Ó¤£¯A¤Î¨Ï¥Î like ªº simile (¦p a voice like thunder, teeth like pearls, to run like the wind µ¥)¡F¥t¥~¡Asimile »P¨ä¥L­×Ãã¤u¨ã©Î¤ñ³ë»¡ªk -- ¤×¨ä¬O metaphor (Áô³ë©Î·t³ë) -- ¤§®t²§¡A¥Ñ©ó«D¤T¨¥¨â»y©Ò¯à­zºÉ¡A¦b¦¹¥ç²¤¹L¤£½Í¡C¤Uªí©Ò¦C´X¥iºâ¬O¶° "as...as..." ©Òºc¦¨¤§¤ù»yªº¤j¦¨¡A±N¬O¤é«á·¥¨ã»ù­Èªº°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡C³o¨Ç¤ù»yÁö¬Ò¥iͬ°¡u¹³...¤@¼Ë...¡v¡A¦ý­Y¦³¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº¤¤¤å¦¨»y¡AÁÙ¬O¥H«áªÌ¬°¨Î ¡C
¡@
­^¤å ¤¤¤å ÃöÁä¦rÄÀ¸q
as bald as a coot µ£¤sÀÞÀÞ coot: ¥Õ«aÂû
as black as coal/soot º£¶Â¡A·¥¶Â soot: ·Ñ¦Ç¡F·Ñ·Ï
as blind as a bat ¦³²´µL¯] ¡@
as bold as brass «pÃCµL®¢ ¡FÁx¤j¥]¤Ñ¡AÁx¤j¦k¬° ¡@
as bright as a button Áo©ú§D«W ¡@
as brown as a berry ½Å¦p¼ßªG ¡@
as busy as a bee «D±`¦£¸L ¡@
as clean as a new pin/a whistle °®°®²b²b¡A«D±`¾ã¼ä¡A¥ú·Æ¼ä²b ¡@
as clear as a bell/crystal «D±`²M·¡¡A²M´·©úÁA ¡@
as close as an oyster ¦u¤f¦p²~ ¡@
as cold as ice §N­Y¦BÁ÷ ¡@
as common as muck ²Ê«U¤£³ô muck: ÁT¡A°ïªÎ¡F«~½è§C¦HªºªF¦è
as cool as a cucumber ®õµM¦Û­Y¡F¦Ñ¯«¦b¦b¡F§NÀRÂí©w ¡@
as dead as a doornail/the dodo ¦º©w¤Fªº¡A §¹¥þ¦º¤Fªº¡A³Q¹ý©³¼o±ó©Î¿ò§Ñªº¡F¤£¦s¦bªº¡F¦­¤w¹L®Éªº doornail: (ªù¤W¥Î§@¸Ë¹¢ªº) ¤jÀY°v¤l¡Cdodo: ¹L®É¤§ª«
as deaf as a post ¥þŤ ¡@
as drunk as a lord Äê¾K¦pªd¡A¹U­ª¤j¾K lord: ²ÎªvªÌ¡F§g¥D¡F¶Q±Ú
as dry as a bone/dust ¤Q¤À°®Àꪺ¡A°®³zªº¡F¤f´÷·¥¤F¡A¤f´÷±o­n¦º¡F¬\Àê¥F¨ý ¡@
as dull as ditchwater ¬\Àê¥F¨ý ¡@
as easy as A.B.C. «D±`®e©ö¡A»´¦Ó©öÁ|¡A«D±`²³æ ¡@
as fat as a pig ªÎ­D¦p½Þ¡AªÎ±o¹³ÀY½Þ ¡@
as fit as a fiddle/a flea ¨­Åé°·±d¡Aºë¯«¹¡º¡¡A¯«ªö«³«³ ¡@
as flat as a pancake «D±`¥­©Z ¡@
as free as a bird/air ¦Û¥Ñ¦Û¦b ¡@
as fresh as a daisy ºë¤O¥R¨K¡Fºë¯«·Øµo ¡F¥Rº¡«C¬K¬¡¤O daisy: Âúµâ
as gentle as a lamb ·Å¶¶ªº¡A·Å©Mªº ¡@
as good as gold «Ü¨Ä¡A´`³WÁЯx ¡@
as good as new §¹¦n¦p·s ¡@
as green as grass ¥®¸Xªº¡Aªì¥X­TÃf¡A¨S¦³¸gÅ窺 ¡@
as guilty as sin ¸o´c²`­« ¡@
as happy as a sandboy/Larry ¿³°ªªö¯P¡A«D±`°ª¿³ as happy as Larry ¬°¿D¬w«Z»y
as hard as nails/iron ÅK¥Û¤ß¸z¡A§N»ÅµL±¡¡F°íµw¦pÅK ¡@
as heavy as lead ¤Q¤À¨I­«¡A«D±`­« ¡@
as helpless as a newborn babe µL§Uªº¡F¨Ì¿à¥L¤H ªº¡F§¹¥þ¤£¯à·ÓÅU¦Û¤wªº ¡@
as honest as the day is long «D±`¸Û¹ê ¡@
as hungry as a horse «D±`¾j ¡@
as keen as mustard «Ü¼ö¤ßªº¡A«D±`·P¿³½ìªº mustard: ªã¥½¡F(«Z»y) ¼ö±¡
as large as life ¸ò­ìª«¤@¼Ë¤j¡FÅéºA®e»ª§¹¾ãµL¯Ê¡F¤d¯u¸U½T¡A¤£®e¸mºÃ ¡@
as light as a feather »´¦pÂE¤ò¡A«D±`»´ ¡@
as like as two peas (in a pod) ¤@¼Ò¤@¼Ë ¡@
as mad as a hatter/a March hare ºÆ¨gªº¡Aºë¯«¿ù¶Ãªº¡AºÆºÆÅöÅöªº (¹³¤T¤ë¥æ°t´Áªº¨ß¤l¤@¼ËºÆ³¥) hatter ¬O¡u·RÄRµ·¹Ú¹C¥P¹Ò¡v(Alice in Wonderland) ¬G¨Æ¤¤¨º¦ì»¡¸Ü¨SÀY¨S¸£ªººÆ¨g»s´U¦K¡A¦]¦¹©ñ¦b¤ù»y¤¤¤Þ¥Ó¬°ºÆ¨gªº·N«ä¡C
as mute as a fish ¾¶­Y´HÂÍ¡FÀq¤£§@Án ¡@
as nutty as a fruitcake ¸£³U¦³¤ò¯f¡Fºë¯«¤£¥¿±`¡F¶Ì©I©I fruitcake: ¤ôªG³J¿|
as obstinate as a mule ¤Q¤À¹x©Tªº¡A«D±`©T°õªº ¡@
as old as the hills ¤Q¤À¥j¦Ñªº¡A«D±`¦Ñªº ¡@
as patient as Job «Ü¦³­@¤ßªº ¸t¸g¸Ì¦³­Ó¤H¥s Job¡A¥L´N¬O¬ù§B¡A¬O§Æ§B¨Ó±Úªº±Úªø¡A¦b­^»y¸Ì¤S¥i¥H¤Þ¥Ó¬°¡u·¥¦³­@¤ßªº¤H¡v¡C
as plain as a pikestaff «D±`²M·¡¡F¤@²M¤G·¡¡FÅã¦Ó©ö¨£¡F·¥¬°©úÅã pikestaff: ªø¥Ù¬`
as playful as a kitten ·Rª±­Aªº¡A·R¼^À¸ªº ¡@
as pleased as Punch «D±`°ª¿³ Punch «üªº´N¬O­^°ê®a³ë¤á¾åªº·Æ½]¤ì°¸¼@¡mÃe©_©M¦¶­}¡n(Punch-and-Judy) ªº¥D¨¤ Punch¡C
as poor as the church mouse ¤@³h¦p¬~ ¡@
as proud as a peacock «D±`ź¶Æ ¡@
as pure as the driven snow ¯Â¯uµL¨¸¡A¥É¼ä¦B²M ¡@
as quick as lightning ÂàÀþ¶¡¡A§Ö¦p°{¹q¡A«D±`§Ö ¡@
as quiet as a mouse «D±`¦wÀR ¡@
as regular as clockwork «D±`¦³³W«ß clockwork: ÄÁ¿öªº¾÷±ñ¡Fµo±ø¸Ë¸m
as right as rain «D±`°·±d ¡@
as round as a barrel «Ü¶êªº ¡@
as safe as houses ¤Q¤À¦w¥þ ¡@
as sharp as a needle «Ü¦³Å³§O¤Oªº¡A²§±`ºë©úªº; «D±`¾÷±Óªº ¡@
as sharp as a razor ¼F®`ªº¡F«D±`¾W§Qªº¡F¾÷ĵªº ¡@
as sick as a dog ¯f±o«ÜÄY­« ¡@
as sick as a parrot «D±`¥¢±æ ¡@
as silent as the grave ±IÀRµLÁn ¡@
as slippery as an eel ·ÆÀY·Æ¸£¡F¦l¶B¬¾·â ¡@
as slow as a snail ºC¦p½½¤û¡AºC§]§] ¡@
as sly as a fox ¹³ª°¯W¯ë¬¾·â ¡@
as snug as a bug in a rug «D±`µÎ¾A¡A ·¥¨ä¦w¶h ¡@
as sober as a judge «D±`ÄYµÂ ¡@
as soft as butter «Ü¬X³n ¡@
as sound as a bell «D±`°·±d¡F¤Q¤À°·¥þ¡F±¡ªp·¥¨Î ¡@
as steady as a rock °í­Y½Y¥Û¡F°í©w¤£²¾ ¡@
as stiff as a poker (­·«×¡BÁ|¤î) ©ëÂÔ¡F¥Íµw¡F¨èªO ¡@
as straight as a die µ´¹ï¯u¹êªº¡A«D±`¦Ñ¹êªº ¡@
as straight as an arrow µ§ª½¡A«D±`ª½ ¡@
as strong as an ox/a horse «D±`±j§§ ¡@
as sure as eggs is eggs ªºªº½T½T¡A¤d¯u¸U½T¡AµLºÃ¦a¡AªÖ©w¦a ¡@
as sweet as honey ²¢¦p»e ¡@
as thick as thieves ¿Ë±KµL¶¡ ¡@
as thick as two short planks «D±`¿ð¶w ¡A·M²Âªº¡A·M¶wªº plank: ¤ìªO¡A«pªO
as thin as a rake ½G°©åbÎ}¡A°©½G¦p®ã ¡@
as tough as old boots «D±`µwªº¡A«D±`°í±jªº¡F(¤×«ü¦×) «Üµwªº ¡A«Ü¦Ñªº¡A«r¤£°Êªº ¡@
as ugly as sin ©_ÁàµL¤ñ ¡@
as weak as water ¨­Åéµê®z¡F·N§ÓÁ¡®z ¡@
as white as a sheet/ a ghost »a¥Õ¦p¯È¡F(¤×«ü¦]¯f©Î®£ÄߦÓ) Áy¦âºG¥Õ¡F­±µL¦å¦â ¡@
as white as snow ¼ä¥Õ¦p³· ¡@
as wise as an owl/Solomon Áo©úµ´³»/¹³©Òùªù¤@¼Ë´¼¼z¹L¤H ©Òùªù¤ý (¸t¸g¤Hª«) ³Q¦è¤è»{¬°¬O¥@¬É¤W³Ì¦³´¼¼zªº¤H¡C
Q¡G ½Ð°Ý "The pen is 0.065 meter(s) in length." ³o¥y¤¤ªº meter ­n¥Î³æ¼ÆÁÙ¬O½Æ¼Æ?
A¡G ­p¶q³æ¦ì¤§«eªº¼Æ¦r¡A°£«D­è¦n¬O1¡A§_«h¤£ºÞ¤j©ó1ÁÙ¬O¤p©ó1¡A³æ¦ì³£­n¥Î½Æ¼Æ§Î¦¡¡A©Ò¥H°ÝÃD¤¤ªº meter ­n¥Î½Æ¼Æ§Î¦¡¡A§Y meters¡C ¥t¥~¡A­p¶q³æ¦ìªºÁY¼g¡A¤£ºÞ¨ä«eªº¼Æ¦r¬O¦h¤Ö¡A³£¤£¯à¥[ "s"¡C¨Ò¦p¡GThe table is 4 m in width. (³o±i®à¤lªº¼e«×¬O4¤½¤Ø)¡C

³Ì«á¥²¶·ª`·Nªº¬O¡Ain length ©M at length ¬O·N«äºIµM¤£¦Pªº¨â­Ó¤ù»y¡A«eªÌ¬O«üªø«×¡A«áªÌ·N¬°¡u¸ÔºÉ¦a¡F³Ì«á¡A²×©ó¡v¡C

Q¡G ¦b¡u§Úªº·s»D­^»y¾Ç²ßºô¯¸¡v¤¤´£¨ì "JCB" ¬O¤@®a¦P¦W¤½¥q©Ò¥Í²£ªº¤uµ{¨®¡A²{¤w¡u±M¦³¦Wµü³q«U¤Æ¡v¡A¦Ó³oºØ¦r¦b­^¤å¤¤ÁÙ¦³¤@¨Ç¡A¬O§_¥i¥H½Ð±z´N¦¹°µ§ó¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú©Î¦hÁ|¤@¨Ç¹ê¨Ò?
A¡G ¦b¡u§Úªº·s»D­^»y¾Ç²ßºô¯¸¡v¤¤¡Aµ§ªÌ¨Ï¥Î¤F¡u±M¦³¦Wµü³q«U¤Æ¡v¨ÓºÙ©I³o¨Ç¦Wµü¡C¨ä¹ê¡A§ó½T¤Á¦a»¡¡AÀ³¸ÓºÙ¬°¡u°Ó¼Ð«~¦W´¶³q¦Wµü¤Æ¡v¡A¦]¬°³o¨Ç±M¦³¦Wµü­ì¥»¬O¦U¸Ó¤½¥qªº¦WºÙ¡A µM«á³Q¥Î¨Ó«ü¦U¸Ó¤½¥qªº²£«~¡A¦ý²{¦b«h¥Î¨Óªx«ü¦PÃþ©Î¦P©Ê½è©Î¦P¥\¯àªº°Ó«~¡CÁöµM³o¨Ç±M¦³¦Wµü¤´ºû«ù¤j¼g«¬ºA¡A¦ý¤w¸gÅܦ¨¹D¹D¦a¦aªº´¶³q¦Wµü¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³³æ½Æ¼Æ¤§¤À¡A¦p a JCB, two JCBs¡C°£ JCB (¤uµ{¨®) ¥~¡A¥Ø«e¤wª¾ÁÙ¦³¤Q´X­Ó³o¼Ëªº¦Wµü¡A¯÷±N¨äĤ¦C©ó¦Z¨Ñ¤j®a°Ñ¦Ò (µ§ªÌ¬Û«H¤@©w·|¦³¿ò¯]¤§¾Ñ)¡G

Band-Aid¡GOKÁ^
Chap stick¡GÅ@®B»I
Hi-Liter
¡G¿Ã¥úµ§
Kleenex
¡G ­±¯È
Popsicle
¡G ¦B´Î
Post-it¡G«K§Q¶K
Q-Tip¡G´Öªá´Î
Rolodex¡G¦W¤ù¾ã²z²°
Saran wrap¡G«OÂA½¤
Scotch tape¡G ½¦±a
Styrofoam¡G«OÄRÀs
Velcro¡GÅ]°­Öß

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¡u§Ú¬Q¤Ñ¶R¤F10¤ä1GªºDRAM¡v³o¥y¸Ü¥i¥H³o¼Ë»¡ "I bought 10 1G DRAMs yesterday." ¶Ü?
A¡G ³o¥y¸Üªº­^¤å»¡ªk§¹¥þ¥¿½T¡A¦ý®Ñ¼g¤W«o¦³¨â­Ó¦a¤è¿ù»~¡C²Ä¤@­Ó¿ù»~¬O¡G·í¦³¨â­Ó¼Æ¦r¥X²{¦b¦Wµü«e­±®É (¼Æ¦r¦b­^¤å¤¤¬O·í­­©wµü¥Î¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¤]¥iµø¤§¬°§Î®eµü)¡A²Ä¤@­Ó¼Æ¦r­n¥Î­^¤å¦r¡A¦Ó²Ä¤G­Ó¼Æ¦r­n¥Îªü©Ô§B¼Æ¦r¡F©Ò¥H¡A10 À³¸Ó¥Î­^¤å¦r¡A§Y "ten"¡C²Ä¤G­Ó¿ù»~¬O¡G ­p¶q³æ¦ìªº²Å¸¹©ÎÁY¼g»P¨ä«eªº¼Æ¦r¤§¶¡¶·ªÅ¤@®æ¡A¥ç§Y "1G" À³¼g¦¨ "1 G" -- G¬OGigabyte ªºÁY¼g¡C¥t¥~¡A ­p¶q³æ¦ì­Y¥HÁY¼g©Î²Å¸¹¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¨ä«e¥²¶·¨Ï¥Îªü©Ô§B¼Æ¦r¡A¦p 3 mm¡B10 kg¡B512 K SDRAMµ¥µ¥¡C

©Ò¥H¡A³o¥y­^¤åªº¥¿½T¼gªk¬O¡GI bought ten 1 G DRAMs yesterday.

Q¡G ¦b¶Q¯¸¤åªk¯à¤O´úÅç³æ¤¸ªº¥y«¬´úÅ礤¦³¤@ÃD "I do love you." (§Ú½T¹ê·R§A)¡A±zªºµù¸Ñ¬O¡u¦b±Ô­z¥y¤¤¥i¥H¥Î do + ­ì§Î°Êµü¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð¡v¡C¬O§_¥i¥H½Ð±z½Í½Í­^¤å¤¤¨ä¥L¥[±j»y®ð©Îªí¥Ü±j½Õªº¦r¡B¤ù»y©Î¥y¤l©O?
A¡G ­^¤å¤¤¥[±j»y®ðªº¤èªkªº½T¤£¤@¦Ó¨¬¡C°£¤F¥Î§U°Êµü do + ­ì§Î°Êµü¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð¥~¡Aµ§ªÌ±N¤âÃ䪺¸ê®Æ¾ã²z¤@¤U«á±o¥X¦Ü¤ÖÁÙ¦³¤CºØ¥[±j»y®ð©Îªí¥Ü±j½Õªº¤èªk¡A¯÷±N³o¤KºØ¤èªkĤ¦C©ó¦Z¡A¨Ñ¤j®a°Ñ¦Ò (¨ä¹ê¦b¤åªk¼g§@«ü«nªº¡u¦p¦ó½Ķ±j½Õ¥y¡v¤¤¤w¤¶²Ð¤F­Y¤z¥[±j»y®ðªº¦r¡B¤ù»y©M¥y¤l¡AŪªÌ¥i¥H¤¬¬Û°Ñ·Ó¡A¥²¥i¦¬¬Û»²¬Û¦¨¡B¬Û±o¯q¹ü¤§®Ä)¡G
  1. ¥Î¤Ï¨­¥N¦Wµü¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð

    We ourselves will hold a press conference. (§Ú­Ì±N¿Ë¦Û¥D«ù°OªÌ·|)

    He can do it well himself. (
    ¥L¦Û¤v¯à°µ¦n³o¥ó¨Æ)
    ¡@
  2. ¥Î§U°Êµü "do" ¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð

    Do be quiet. The baby is sleeping. (°È¥²¦wÀR¡CÀ¦¨à¥¿¦bºÎı)

    The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does catch a cold. (¨ºÀ¦¨àªº°·±dª¬ªp©|¦n¡A¦ý´N¬O°¸º¸·|·P«_)
    ¡@
  3. ¥Î°Æµü "very"¡B"only"¡B"even"¡B"too" µ¥¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð (very ¥Î©ó§Î®eµü³Ì°ª¯Å©Î first, last, opposite, own µ¥¤§«e¡A·N¬°¡u¯u¥¿¦a¡A·¥¨ä¡v¡Ftoo ·N¬°¡u¯uªº¡v)

    She ate it to the very last mouthful. (¦o§â¥¦¦Y±o¤@°®¤G²b)

    Only in Paris can you buy shoes like that. (¥u¦³¦b¤Ú¾¤§A¤~¯à¶R¨ì¨º¼Ëªº¾c)

    He didn't answer even my letter. (¥L¬Æ¦Ü³s§Úªº«H³£¤£¦^)

    I will too go! (§Ú¯uªº­n¥h!)

    ¡@
  4. ¥Î§Î®eµü "very"¡B"single" ¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð (very ·N¬°¡u¥¿¬O¡F«ê¦n¬O¡v)
    ¡@
    She died in the very room. (¦o´N¬O¦b³o­Ó©Ð¶¡¸Ì¹L¥@ªº)

    Not a single person has gone to her wedding ceremony. (³ºµM¨S¦³¤@­Ó¤H°Ñ¥[¦oªº±B§
    )
    ¡@
  5. ¥Î "by all means" (·íµM¡F¤@©w¡F¤£½×¦p¦ó)¡B"by no means" (µ´¤£¡F¤@ÂI¤]¤£)¡B"in no way" (µ´¤£¡F¤@ÂI¤]¤£)¡B"all too" (= very¡G·¥¡A¬Æ¡A¤Ó)¡B"only too" (= very¡G·¥¡A¬Æ¡A¤Ó)¡B"in heaven's name"¡B"in the world"¡B"on earth"¡B"the dickens"¡B"the devil"¡B"the hell"¡B"under the sun" («á­±³o´X­Ó¤ù»yªº·N«ä³£¬O¡u¨ì©³¡F¨s³º¡v¡A¦Ó under the sun ÁÙ¦³¡u¥þ¥@¬É¡F¥þ¤Ñ¤U¡vªº·N«ä) µ¥¤ù»y¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð

    By all means wash your dirty shirt. (¤@©w­n¬~§AªºÅ¼Å¨­m)

    These scenes of violence are all too familiar. (³o¨Ç¼É¤O³õ­±Â²ª½¬O¤Ó¼ô±x¤F)

    What in the world are you doing? (§A¨ì©³¦b·F¤°»ò?)

    He was the last person under the sun I expected to see there. (¥L¬O§Ú¦b¨º¸Ì³Ì³Ì¨S¦³®Æ¨ì·|¨£¨ìªº¤H)
    ¡@
  6. ¥Î­Ë¸Ë¥y¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð

    Not a word did she say the whole two hours. (¾ã¾ã¨â­ÓÄÁÀY¦o¤@¥y¸Ü¤]¨S»¡)

    In wine is the truth. (°s«á¦R¯u¨¥)

    Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace. (¥L­Ìµ´¹ï¤£·|©ñ±ó¬°¦Û¥Ñ»P©M¥­¦Ó¾Ä°«)

    More serious was the problem of environmental pollution. (§óÄY­«ªº¬OÀô¹Ò¦Ã¬V°ÝÃD)
    ¡@
  7. ¥Î±j½Õ¥y«¬ (It is/was + ³Q±j½Õ³¡¤À + that ¤l¥y) ¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð

    It was your mother-in-law that (whom) I met in the park the day before yesterday. («e¤Ñ§Ú¦b¤½¶éùظI¨ìªº¥¿¬O§Aªº©¨¥À)

    It is only when one is ill that one realizes the importance of health. (¥u¦³¦b¤H­Ì¥Í¯f®É¤~ª¾¹D°·±dªº­«­n)

    It was Professor Wu that (who) sent me the letter. (µ¹§Ú±H«Hªº¥¿¬O§d±Ð±Â)

    ¡@
  8. ¥Î¡u¥D¥y (¥Dµü + °Êµü...), and that...¡v¥y«¬¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð (that ¥N´À«e­±¥D¥yªº¥þ³¡©Î³¡¥÷¥y¤l)

    You must apologize to me, and that in public. (§A¥²¶·¦V§Ú¹Dºp¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¤½¶}¹Dºp)

    You must do it, and that at once. (§A¥²¶·°µ³o¥ó¨Æ¡A¦Ó¥B­n°¨¤W°µ)

    She speaks English, and that very well. (¦oÁ¿­^¤å¡A¦Ó¥BÁ¿±o«Ü¦n)
Q¡G ½Ð°Ý "in doing so" ©M "in so doing" ¦³¦ó¤£¦P©O?
A¡G

³o¨â­Ó¤ù»yªº·N«ä©M¥Îªk¨ÃµL¤G­P¡A³£·N¬°¡u³o¼Ë°µ (ªº®É­Ô)¡v¡C¦b­^¤å¼g§@¤¤¡A³o¨â­Ó¤ù»y¸g±`³Q¥Î¨ì¡C¨Ò¦p¡GIn doing so/In so doing, the author avoids redundancy. (³o¼Ë°µ§@ªÌ´NÁ×§K¤F¤¾»yÂØµü) -- ³o¸Ìªº author ¬O½×¤å©Î¤å³¹ªº§@ªÌ¡A¦Ó so ¥Nªí«e­±©Ò´£¨ì©Î°µ¹Lªº¨Æ±¡¡A©Ò¥H­n¤W¤U¤å»Î±µ°_¨Ó¬Ý¤~ª¾¹D the author °µ¤F¤°»ò¨Æ±¡¡C

°£ in doing so ©M in so doing ¥~¡Aby doing so ©M by so doing¡Bof doing so ©M of so doing ¥H¤Î¨ä¥L doing so ©M so doing ¤]¤À§O¬O³q¥Îªº¡C¨Ò¦p¡GMary as much as told him the secret, even though she had no intention of doing so/of so doing. (º¿ÄRÁöµM¤£¬O¦³·N§â¯µ±K§i¶D¥L¡A¦ý³oµ¥©ó©Î¨¥¤U¤§·N¤w§i¶D¥L¤F)¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦ó¿×¡u¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y¡v ¡A¥¦»Pªí¥Ü¦ñÀH©Îªþ±aªº with ½Æ¦Xµ²ºc¦³¦ó¤£¦P©O?
A¡G

¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y¸ò¤@¯ëªº¥y¤l®t¤£¦h¡A°ß¤@ªº®t§O¬O¥¦¨S¦³¯u¥¿ªº°Êµü¡A¦]¬°¥D°ÊµüÅܦ¨¤F²{¦b¤Àµü©Î¹L¥h¤Àµü¡C¨Ò¦p¡G"The two superstars signed autographs into the night, their faces beaming happily." (³o¨â¦ì¶W¯Å¥¨¬PªºÃ±¦W·|«ùÄò¨ì©]±ß¡A¥L­Ì³ß§Î©ó¦â / ¯º®eº¡­± / Áy¤W°ïº¡¯º®e)¡A¦b³o¥y¤¤¡Atheir faces beaming happily ´N¬O¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾¡A¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y¦³¥Dµü¡A¦ý¨S¦³¯u¥¿ªº°Êµü¡C­È±oª`·Nªº¬O¡A¤Àµüºc¥y¨Ã¤£¬O­×¹¢¥D¥y¤¤¬Y¤@¯S©w¦r¡A¥B¸ò¥¦­Ì³£¨S¦³ª½±µÃö«Y ¡F¤Ï¤§¡A¥¦«Y­×¹¢¾ã­Ó¥D¥y¡Bªþ¥[©Î¸É¥R¸ê®Æ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y¬O¦bªí¥Ü¤@ºØ¦ñÀH©Îªþ±aªº±¡ªp¡C

¦P¼Ë¦a¡Awith ªº½Æ¦Xµ²ºc¤]¬O¦bªí¥Ü¤@ºØ¦ñÀH©Îªþ±aªº±¡ªp¡A¨ä¥y«¬¬°¡uwith  + ¦Wµü (¥N¦Wµü) + ²{¦b¤Àµü/¹L¥h¤Àµü/§Î®eµü/°Æµü/¤¶¨tµü¤ù»y¡v¡C ¦]¦¹¡A³o¨âºØµ²ºcÁöµM«¬ºA¤£¦P¡A¦ý©Ò¥Nªíªº·N¸q¬O¤@¼Ëªº¡C¨Ò¦p¡G"He stood there, with his right hand raised." (¥L¯¸¦b¨º¸Ì¡A¡A°ªÁ|µÛ¥k¤â) -- ª`·N¡G¦b³o¨âºØµ²ºc¤¤¡A²{¦b¤Àµüªí¥D°Ê¡A¹L¥h¤Àµüªí³Q°Ê¡C¯÷±N³o¨âºØµ²ºcªº¥y«¬ ¥H¤Î¥¦­Ì¤§¶¡ªº¬Ûµ¥Ãö«YĤ¦C©ó¦Z¨ÃÁ|¨Ò»¡©ú¤§¡G

S1 + V1 + ³s±µµü + S2 + V2

= S1 + V1 +  S2 + ¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y (²{¦b¤Àµü©Î¹L¥h¤Àµü + ¨ä¥L¦¨¤À)

= S1 + V1 + with + S2 + ¤Àµüºc¥y/§Î®eµü/°Æµü/¤¶¨tµü¤ù»y

  1. The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, and his arms were folded. (¨º¦ì¦Ñ®v¯¸¦b¶ÂªO«e¡AÂùÁu©ê¯Ý)
    = The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, and (he) folded his arms.
    = The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, folding his arms.
    = The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, his arms folded. (¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y)
    = The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, with his arms folded. (
    with ½Æ¦Xµ²ºc)

  2. She played the piano, and I sang to the piano. (¦o¼u¿ûµ^¡A§ÚÀH¿ûµ^±Û«ß°ªºq)
    = She played the piano, I singing to the piano.
    (¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y)
    = She played the piano, with me singing to the piano.
    (with ½Æ¦Xµ²ºc)

  3. What a lonely world it will be if she is away. (¦pªG¦oÂ÷¶}¡A³o¥@¬É±N·|¦h»ò©t±I°Ú!)
    = What a lonely world it will be, she being away.
     (¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y)
    = What a lonely world it will be, with her being away.
    (with ½Æ¦Xµ²ºc)
    = What a lonely world it will be with her away.
    (with ½Æ¦Xµ²ºc)

°£¤F¿W¥ß¤Àµüºc¥y©M with ½Æ¦Xµ²ºc ¥~¡A­^¤åÁÙ¦³¤@ºØ¨Ï¥Î¤¶¨tµü in ¨Óªí¥Ü¦ñÀHªº¿W¥ßµ²ºc¡A¦¹®É in «e«áªº¨â­Ó¦Wµü§¡¤£¥i¥[¥ô¦ó¦¨¤À (¦p«aµü©Î©Ò¦³®æ)¡A¤]¤£¥i¥Î½Æ¼Æ¡C¨Ò¦p¡G"A robber burst into the room, knife in hand." (knife «e­±¤£¯à¦³«aµü¡A¦Ó hand «e­±¤£¯à¥[ his) (¤@¦W·m­ê«ù¤MÂô¤J©Ð¶¡)¡C

Q¡G ¤åªk®Ñ§i¶D§Ú­Ì¡Abetween «á­±­n±µ½Æ¼Æ¦Wµü¡A¦ý§Ú«o¬Ý¨ì³o¼Ë ªº¥y¤l "There is twenty meters between each telegraph pole."¡C½Ð°Ý between «á­±¥i¥H±µ³æ¼Æ¦Wµü?
A¡G

ÁöµM¦³¨Ç¤H¤Î¤@¨Ç¤åªk®Ñ»{¬° between «á­±¤£À³±µ³æ¼Æ¦Wµü¡A¦ý¹ê»Úªº±¡ªp¬O¡Abetween ¥i¥H¸ò each ©M every ³s¥Î¡A«á­±±µ³æ¼Æ¦Wµü¡CThe New Fowler's Modern English Usage ¤@®Ñ§ó«ü¥X¡A¡u³oºØµ²ºc¥²¶·³Q´L­«©M®e§Ô¡v(This construction must be respected and tolerated)¡CThe Columbia Guide to Standard American English ¤]«ü¥X¡A¡ubetween + each/every + ³æ¼Æ¦Wµü¡v¦b»yªk¤W¨ÃµL¤£§´¤§³B¡A¥u¬O¥¦¶È¾A¥Î©ó¤f»y©M«D¥¿¦¡³õ¦X¡B¨Ã¤£¾A¦X¥¿¦¡³õ¦X¡C¦Ñ¹ê»¡¡A³oºØµ²ºcªº¨Ò¥y©Ò¦b¦h¦³¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

  1. He changed his shirt between every inning. (¥L¦b¨C§½¤§¶¡³£§ó´«²y¦ç)

  2. He had a cup of coffee between each class. (¨C¸`½Ò¤§¶¡¥L³£·|³ÜªM©@°Ø)

¤£¹L¡A¦b¥¿¦¡³õ¦X (¦p¥¿¦¡¼g§@) ¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì³Ì¦n±N¤W­±ªº¨Ò¥y§ï¬°¡G

  1. He changed his shirt between innings. ©Î He changed his shirt after each inning.

  2. He had a cup of coffee between classes. ©Î He had a cup of coffee between each class and the next.

°ÝÃD¤¤ªº¥y¤l«h§ï¬°¡GThere is twenty meters between each telegraph pole and the next. (¨C®Ú¹q½u±ì¤§¶¡ªº¶ZÂ÷¬°20¤½¤Ø)¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý "this kind of dog" ©M "this kind of dogs" ¦óªÌ¥¿½T?
A¡G ®Ú¾Ú¤åªk¡A«eªÌ¤~¥¿½T¡A«áªÌ¬O¤£¹ïªº¡C¦ý°ÝÃD¨ä¹ê¨Ã¨S¦³³o»ò²³æ¡A¦]¬°°£ kind ¥~¡Amanner, sort, style, type ©M way µ¥¦Wµü¦b ¡uthis/that¡Athese/those ©Î any/many/all +  kind, manner, sort, style, type ©Î way + of + ¦Wµü¡vªº¥Îªk¤¤¤@ª½¦s¦bµÛ³\¦h°ÝÃD¡C®Ñ­±ªº¬ü¦¡­^»y¥H¤Î¤j¦h¼Æ«O¦uªº¬ü°êµû½×³£°í«ù³æ¼Æ¦Wµü kind, manner, sort, style, type ©M way ¥²¶·¥Î³æ¼Æ«ü¥Ü§Î®eµü©Î­­©wµü¨Ó­×¹¢ (this/that/any kind, manner, sort, style, type ©Î way)¡A¦Ó¥B¨ä«á¥²¶·±µ of + ³æ¼Æ¦Wµü (this kind of dog, that manner of chatter, any sort of dilemma, this type of book, this way of writing)¡C¦AªÌ¡A·í kind, manner, sort, style, type ©M way ¬°½Æ¼Æ®É¡A¨ä«eªº«ü¥Ü§Î®eµü©Î­­©wµü¥²¶·¬O½Æ¼Æ¡A¦Ó¥B¨ä«á¥²¶·±µ of + ½Æ¼Æ¥i¼Æ¦Wµü¡Gthese kinds of studies, those sorts of poems, all types of airplanes¡C¦ý·í of «á­±ªº¦Wµü¬°¤£¥i¼Æ¦Wµü (ª«½è¦Wµü©M©â¶H¦Wµü) ®É¡A³o¨Ç¦Wµü¥i¥H¬O³æ¼Æ¡A¦p all sorts of gravel (©Ò¦³¸H¥ÛºØÃþ¡A§Y¦UºØ¸H¥Û -- gravel ¬°¤£¥i¼Æ¦Wµü)¡Athese ways of thinking (³o¨Ç«ä¦Ò¤è¦¡)¡C

µM¦Ó¡AÁöµM®Ñ­±¬ü¦¡­^»yªº¼Ð·Ç¦³¤W­z­n¨D¡A¦ý­^¦¡­^»y¥H¤Î¬ü°ê¤f»y©M«D¥¿¦¡¥Îªk¤´¥X²{³\¦h¤£¦Pªº³æ½Æ¼Æ²Õ¦X¡A¦p these kind of men¡C¾¨ºÞ³o¨Ç²Õ¦X³£¤£¦X¤åªk¡A¦ý¦b¤f»y¤¤«o¬Û·í±`¨£¡C¦]¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì«ØÄ³¡A¦b®Ñ­±©M¥¿¦¡¥Îªk¤¤¡A³Ì¦n¿í¦u¤W­z¦X¥G»yªkªº­n¨D¡C¦¹¥~¡A¾¨ºÞ "any kind of books" ¤£¦X»yªk¡A¦ý "books of any kind" «o¬O¼Ð·Ç­^»y¡A¼g§@®É¥i¥H¦h¥[§Q¥Î¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦b "His second novel is as good or better than his first." ³o¥y¤¤¡Agood ªº«á­±¬O¤£¬O­n¦³­Ó "as" ?
A¡G ®Ú¾Ú¤åªk³W«h¡Agood ªº«á­±ªº½T»Ý­n as (¤£¬O than) ¨Óºc¦¨ as good as ªº¤ñ¸û«¬ºA¡CµM¦Ó¡Aas good or better than, as bad or worse than ¥H¤Î¨ä¥LÃþ¦üªº¡uas + ­ì¯Å§Î®eµü + or + ¤ñ¸û¯Å§Î®eµü + than¡vµ²ºc¡A¬O­^¤åªº²ßºD¥Îªk¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦b¤f»y¤¤¬O³o¼Ë¥Îªº¡C¾¨ºÞ¦p¦¹¡A³oºØ¦b­^¤å¤¤³QºÙ¬°¡uÂù­«¤ñ¸û¡v(dual comparison) ªºµ²ºc«o¬O¤@ºØ¦³·å²«ªº¥­¦æµ²ºc (faulty parallelism)¡A¹ð¾D¥¿²Î¤H¤h§åµû¡A¦]¦¹¦b®Ñ­±©Î¥¿¦¡­^¤å¤¤À³ºÉ¶qÁ×§K³o¼Ë¥Î¡C¥H°ÝÃD¤¤ªº¥y¤l¬°¨Ò¡A¬°¤F¥­¦æ¹ïºÙ¡A§Ú­ÌÀ³±N¤§§ï¬° "His second novel is as good as or better than his first." (¥Lªº²Ä¤G¥»¤p»¡¸ò²Ä¤@¥»¤@¼Ë¦n¡A¬Æ¦Ü§ó¦n)¡C¤£¹L¡A¦b¸ûªøªº¥y¤l¤¤¡A·í§Ú­Ì«ì´_ as ®É¡A­Y¥[¤W³rÂI¨Ó¹j¶}¡A¥y¤l¤Ï¦ÓÅܱo¤ñ¸û½ÆÂø¡GHe is as handsome and well-mannered as, or even handsomer and better-mannered than, his older brother. (¥L¸ò¥L­ô­ô¤@¼Ë­^«T¡B¦³Â§»ª¡A¬Æ¦Ü§ó­^«T¡B§ó¦³Â§»ª)¡C

¤ñ¸ûÁo©úªº§@ªk¬O±N¤ñ¸û¯Å©ñ¦b¥y¤l¸û«á­±ªº¦a¤è¡C¨Ò¦p¡G"His second novel is as good as his first or better."¡F"John was as crazy as Michael, probably more so." (¬ù¿«¸ò³Á¥i¤@¼ËºÆ¨g¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¯à¦³¹L¤§)¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦b·|¸Ü¤¤¬O§_¥i¥H±N "for example" ²¼ä¦a»¡¦¨ "e.g." ©O?
A¡G ÁöµM for example ³QÁY¼g¦¨ e.g.¡A¦ý½Í¸Ü¤¤³£¬O»¡ for example¡AÂA¤Ö»¡ e.g.¡A°£«D§A¬O­n°á¥X¥X²{¦b¤å³¹¤¤ªº³o¨â­Ó¦r¥À¡Ce.g. ¬O exempli gratia ³o­Ó©Ô¤B¦rªºÁY¼g¡A¨ä­^¤å½Ķ´N¬O for example¡A¦]¦¹²ß¥H¬°±`¦a´N³Q®³¨Ó¥N´À for example¡C

®Ú¾Ú½×¤å¥D­n¼g§@®æ¦¡¤§¤@ªº APA (American Psychological Association) ªº°Ñ¦Ò¤â¥U¡A¼g§@®ÉÀ³¨Ï¥Î for example ¦Ó¤£­n¥Î e.g.¡C¸ÛµM¡Aµ§ªÌ¤£¶È«ØÄ³¼g§@®É¤£­n¥Î e.g.¡A´N³s·|¸Ü®É¤]¤£­n¥Î¡A¦]¬°¦b¬Y¨Ç±¡ªp¤¤¡A¥¦ªº¥X²{¬O«D±`¤£¾A·íªº¡C¦b¤U­±©ÒÁ|ªº¤T­Ó¨Ò¤l¤¤¡AµL½×¥Î»¡ªº©Î¥Î¼gªº¡A³£­n¨Ï¥Î for example¡A¤£¯à¨Ï¥ÎÁY¼g¦r¡A©Ò¥H¤U­±¤T¥y³£¬O¿ù»~ªº¡G

*He likes bowling, e.g. (Ä´¦p»¡¡A¥L³ßÅw¥´«OÄÖ²y)

*If you are in a supermarket, e.g., and somebody asks you... (¦pªG§A¦b¶W¥«¡AÄ´¦p»¡¡A¦³¤H°Ý§A...)

*George Washington was truthful. E.g., he admitted cutting down the cherry tree. (³ìªvµØ²±¹y¬O¥i«H¥ôªº¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¥L©Ó»{¬åÂ_Äå®ç¾ð)

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý ever so often ©M every so often ªº·N«ä¤@¼Ë¶Ü?
A¡G ever so often ªº·N«ä¬O¡u¸g±`¡A¦h¦¸¡v(very often, a great many times)¡A¦Ó every so often ·N¬°¡u¤£®É¡A¦³®É¡v(sometimes, now and then, once in a while)¡A©Ò¥H³o¨â­Ó°Æµü¤ù»yªº·N«ä¨Ã¤£¬Û¦P¡C¨Ò¦p¡G"I've been to their house ever so often." (§Ú¥h¹L¥L­Ìªº©Ð¤l«Ü¦h¦¸)¡F"I like to visit art galleries every so often, but not very frequently." (§Ú³ßÅw¤£®É¥h¬ü³NÀ]°ÑÆ[¤@¤U¡A¦ý¤£¬O«Ü±`¥h)¡C

­È±oª`·Nªº¬O¡Aever so often ¶È¯à¥Î¦b¤f»y©M«D¥¿¦¡¼g§@¤¤¡A¤£¯à¥Î©ó¥¿¦¡¼g§@¡Cever so often ¤¤ªº ever so ¤]¬O¤f»y¡A»P ever such ¤@¼Ë³£·N¬°¡u«D±`¡A¤Q¤À¡A«Ü¡v(very)¡A¥¦­Ì¤]³£¥u¯à¥Î¦b¤f»y©M«D¥¿¦¡¼g§@¤¤¡A¨ä¤¤ ever ¬°°Æµü¥[±j»y¡C¨Ò¦p¡G"Mother was ever so upset." (¶ý¶ý«Ü­W´o)¡F"She's ever such a nice girl. (¦o¬O­Ó«D±`¥i·Rªº©h®Q)¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý "on a team" ©M "in a team" ¨º­Ó¬O­^¦¡­^»y¨º­Ó¬O¬ü¦¡­^»y?
A¡G On a team ¬°¬ü¦¡­^»y¡A¦Ó in a team ¬°­^¦¡­^»y¡C­^¦¡­^»y©M¬ü¦¡­^»y°£¤F¦b¬Y¨Ç«÷¦r (¦p colour, color)¡B¦r·J (¦p lorry, truck) ©M¤åªk¤W¦³©Ò¤£¦P¥~¡A¦b¤¶¨tµüªº¥Îªk¤W¥ç¦³¤@¨Ç®t²§¡A¦p¡u¦b¶g¥½¡v¡A­^¦¡­^»y¬O "at the weekend"¡A¬ü¦¡­^»y¬° "on the weekend"¡C¦Ü©ó­^¬ü¨ä¥L¤¶¨tµüªº¥Îªk®t²§¡Aºô¤Í¥i°Ñ¦Ò¡u®e©ö²V²cªº¦r¡v¤¤ªº¡u­^¬ü­^¤å²§½ì - ²§¦r¦P¸q)¡v³æ¤¸¡A¸Ì­±¤w¦¬¿ý¤@¨Ç­^¬ü¤¶¨tµüªº¥Îªk®t²§¡A¦Ó¥B¼Æ¶qÁÙ·|³°Äò¼W¥[¡C(be) on a team/in a team ·N¬°¡u¦b...¶¤¸Ì¡F¤J¿ï...¶¤¡v¡GI am on the football team. (§Ú¬O¨¬²y¶¤¸Ìªº¤@­û)¡FAre you in the baseball team this year? (¤µ¦~§A¤J¿ï´Î²y¶¤¤F¶Ü?)¡C

³Ì«á­n´£ªº¬O¡A§Ú­Ì¸g±`¨Ï¥Îªº "Please write me soon. = Please write to me soon." (½Ð§ÖÂI¼g«Hµ¹§Ú) ¨ä¹ê¤]¦³­^¦¡­^»y©M¬ü¦¡­^»y¤§¤À¡A¨ä¤¤ "please write me soon." ¬O¬ü¦¡­^»y¡A ¦Ó "please write to me soon." ¬°­^¦¡­^»y¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý "your idea and mine" ¬O«ü¨â¤H¦@¦Pªº idea ÁÙ¬O­Ó§Oªº idea?
A¡G ·í¨â­Ó©Î¦h­Ó©Ò¦³®æ­×¹¢¦P¤@­Ó¦Wµü©Î§@¬°¦P¤@¦Wµüªº­­©wµü®É¡A¦³®É·|²£¥Í»y·N¼Ò¸W¨â¥iªº±¡ªp¡A³oºØ©Ò¦³®æ¦b­^¤å¤¤¥s°µ linked genitives ©Î linked possessives¡CMary and John's father ©M Mary's and John's father ¦b¤j¦h¼Æªº¤W¤U¤å¤¤³£¤£·|¤Þµoª[¸q¡A«üªº³£¬O¤@­Ó¤÷¿Ë©M¥Lªº¨â­Ó¤p«Ä¡CµM¦Ó¡ADavid's and Elizabeth's hats «h¥i¯à«ü¨C¤H¤@³»´U¤l©Î¨â¤H¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¦³¦h³»´U¤l©Î¨â¤H³£¦U¦³¦h³»´U¤l¡A¦Ó his and her house ¦ü¥G¬O«ü¨â¤H¦@¦³¤@¶¡©Ð¤l¡A¦ý his and her houses «h»y·N¤£²M¡A¦]¬°³o¥i¯à«ü¨â¤H¦@¦³¨â¶¡©Î¦h¶¡©Ð¤l©ÎªÌ¨C¤H¦U¥u¦³¤@¶¡©Ð¤l¡C»y·N§ó¼Ò¸W¨â¥iªº±¡ªp¤]¥i¯àµo¥Í¡A¦p the prosecutor's and the defense attorney's motion ¥i¯à¬OÀ˹î©x©MÅGÅ@«ß®v¦@¦Pªº´£Ä³¡A¦Ó the prosecutor's and the defense attorney's motions ¥i¯à¬O­Ó§Oªº´£Ä³¡A¦ý¤]¥i¯à¬O¨â¤H¦@¦P´£¥Xªº¼Æ­Ó´£Ä³¡C

·í¯A¤Î©Ò¦³®æ®É¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·ª`·N§ó¦h¥i¯àµo¥Íªº°ÝÃD¡G·í§A»¡ your and my idea ©Î your idea and mine ®É¡A§A¬O«ü¨â¤H¦@¦Pªººc·Q¡AÁÙ¬O¦U¦³¤@­Óºc·Q©O? ¦pªG§A»¡ your ideas and mine¡A¨º»ò¥¦¬O«ü³o¨Ç ideas ³£¬O¨â¤H¦@¦Pªººc·Q¡A©Î§Ú¦³¼Æ­Óºc·Q¦Ó§A¦³¤@­Ó©Î¦h­Óºc·Q¡AÁÙ¬O¨ä¤¤¦³¦@¦Pªººc·Q¤]¦³­Ó§Oªººc·Q©O? Á`¤§¡A·í¦³»y·NÀǬN¡B§t½kªº±¡ªpµo¥Í®É¡A¤@©w­n§ï¼g¥y¤l¡A¤×¨ä¦b¼g§@¤¤¡A¬O¤£®e³\¦³¥ô¦ó ambiguity ªº¡C

Q¡G §Ú¦b­^¤åÂø»x¤¤¤À§O¬Ý¨ì "She's five feet six." ©M "She's five foot six." ³o¼Ëªº¼gªk¡A½Ð°Ý¬°¦ó foot ©M feet ³£¹ï?
A¡G ·N¬°¡u­^¤Ø¡v®É¡A³æ¼Æªº foot ©M½Æ¼Æªº feet ¦b»P¼Æ¦r³s¥Î¨Óºc¦¨´ú¶q³æ¦ìªº¥Î»y®É¦U¦³¨ä³W«h¡C§A¥i¥H»¡ a four-foot wood plank (¤@¶ô4­^¤Øªøªº¤ìªO)¡A¦ý«o¤£¥i¥H»¡ a four-feet wood plank¡A¦]¬°´ú¶q³æ¦ì©Î¨ä¥L¦Wµü¦b½Æ¦X§Î®eµü¤¤¥²¶·¥Î³æ¼Æ¡CµM¦Ó¡A§A«o¥i¥H»¡ a wood plank four feet long ©Î a wood plank four foot long (ÁöµM«áªÌ¤ñ¸û¤Ö¨£)¡F¦P¼Ë¦a¡Aa wood plank four feet six inches long ©M a wood plank four foot six inches long ³o¨âºØ»¡ªk¤]³£¥i¥H¥B¬O¥¿³W­^»y¡C¦]¦¹¡A°ÝÃD¤¤ªº She's five feet six. (¦oªº¨­°ª¬O5§`6¦T) ©M She's five foot six. ³£¬O¥¿½Tªº»¡ªk¡A·N«ä§¹¥þ¤@¼Ë¡C©Î³\§Ú­Ì¥i¥H±N¤§µø¬°³æ½Æ¼Æªí¹F¦P¤@·§©Àªº²ßºD¥Îªk¡C¤£¹L¡A·í foot »P¤j©ó1ªº¼Æ¦r³s¥Î¨Óªí¥Ü³æ¯Âªº¶ZÂ÷®É¡A§Ú­Ì¥u¯à¥Î feet ¦Ó¤£¯à¥Î foot¡C¨Ò¦p¡GThe car moves 88 feet (¤£¥i¥Î foot) in a second. (³o³¡¨®¥H¨C¬í88­^¤Øªº³t«×¦æ¶i)¡C

¦¹¥~¡A§Ú­Ì³£ª¾¹D¡Afoot ¤]·N¬°¡u¸}¡v¡A¥¦ªº½Æ¼Æ¤]¬O feet¡C¦ý¦³¤H±N¤W­z a wood plank four foot six inches long ©Î She's five foot six. ¤¤ªº foot µø¬°¥t¤@ºØ½Æ¼Æ«¬ºA¡A¥ç§Y foot ¬O³æ½Æ¼Æ¦P«¬¡C¸ÛµM¡Afoot ¥»¨­¤]¬O­Ó½Æ¼Æ¦Wµü¡A¤£¹L¥¦¬O­^°ê¨B§L foot guards ©Î foot soldiers  ªºÁY²¤¦r¡GThree companies of foot are advancing on the village. (¤T­Ó³sªº¨B§L¥¿¦V¸Ó§ø±À¶i)¡C¦AªÌ¡A¦b¼@°|©Î¹q¼v°|ªº«D¥¿¦¡¥Î»y©M¤f»y¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì·|¨£¨ì©ÎÅ¥¨ì foots ³o­Ó¦r¡A¥¦«üªº¬O footlights (¸}¿O)¡GThe foots blinded him so that he couldn't see the audience. (¸}¿O¨ë²´¨Ï¥L¬Ý¤£¨£Æ[²³)¡C¦Ü©ó feets «h¬O¤£¥¿½Tªº¨à»y½Æ¼Æ¡C

Q¡G Mike: What was John talking to you in the office this morning? David: He was like "I've got a new girlfriend." ½Ð°Ý David ©Ò»¡ªº¥y¤l¤¤¡Alike ¬O¤°»ò·N«ä?
A¡G ¦b¦^µª³o°ÝÃD¤§«e¡Aµ§ªÌ¥ý±N°ÝÃD¤¤ªº¹ï¸Ü­×§ï¦p¤U¡G

Mike: What was John talking to you in the office this morning?

David: He was like "Why are you doing that?" and I was like "Actually, it's quite fun" and he was like "No way!" and I was like "Way!"

±q³o¨Ç¹ï¸Ü¥iª¾¡Alike ¬O­Ó¤¶¨tµü¡A·N«ä¤j·§¬O¡u¦n¹³»¡¡v¡A©Ò¥H Mike ©M David ¨â¤H¹ï¸Üªº·N«ä¤j·§¦p¤U¡G

Mike¡G¬ù¿«¤µ¤Ñ¦­¤W¦b¿ì¤½«Ç¸ò§A½Í¤F¤°»ò?

David¡G¥L¦n¹³»¡¡u¬°¤°»ò§A¦b°µ¨º¥ó¨Æ?¡v¡A§Ú¦n¹³»¡¡u¨ä¹ê¨ºº¡¦³½ìªº¡v¡A¥L¦n¹³»¡¡u¤@ÂI¤]¤£!¡v¡A§Ú¦n¹³»¡¡u¦³¡Aº¡¦³½ìªº¡v¡C

¦b±Ô­z¬Y¤@¨Æ¥ó©Î»P¬Y¤Hªº¬Û¹J®É¡A²{¦b»¡¸ÜªÌ«Ü±`¨Ï¥Î like ³o­Ó¦r¨Ó¤Þ¾É¨C¤@ª½±µ¤Þ¥y¡C¥¦³Q¥Î§@¤@ºØ¼Ò¸W¨â¥iªº¸Ü©Îªí¹F¤j·§·N«äªº¤è¦¡ (¦]¬°»¡¸ÜªÌ¤wµLªk¤Q¤ÀªÖ©w·í®É½T¤Áªº¥Î¦r) ¥B¸g±`±a¦³¤@¨Ç»á¬°½ÆÂøªº»²§U»y¨¥¯S¼x (paralinguistic features) ¥H­««Ø­ì©lªº½Í¸Ü¡A¨Ã¦õ¥HÁy³¡ªí±¡¡B¤â¶Õµ¥µ¥¡C

(be) like ªº³o¶µ¥Îªk³Ìªì¬O¨Ó¦Û«n¥[¦{¸t¶Oº¸«n¦h¨¦¦a (San Fernando Valley) -- ³o­Ó¦a°Ï¬O¥Ñ¼Æ­Ó«°¥«©Òºc¦¨¡A¥]¬A¬¥§üÁF¤j¥b¤g¦a -- ±`¥Îªº¡uªÀ·|¤è¨¥¡v(sociolect¡A§Y social dialect)¡F³oºØ¤è¨¥¥s°µ Valspeak¡C­^»y¤¤¦³¤£¤Ö·s¦r·sµü©Î¦r·s¸q¬O¨Ó¦Û Valspeak¡C

¦b¦¹¤§«e¡A­^¤åÁÙ¦³¤@¨ÇÃþ¦üªº¤u¨ã»P like ªº§@¥Î¤@¼Ë¡A¨ä¤¤¤ñ¸û±`¥Îªº¬O "go" ©M "be all"¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

go¡GHe went "Where are you off to?" and I went "Just down to the shop for some milk." (¥L¦n¹³»¡¡u§A­n¥h­þ¸Ì?¡v¡A¦Ó§Ú¦n¹³»¡¡u¥u¬O¥h°Ó©±¶R¨Ç¤û¥¤¡v)¡C

be all¡GI was all "Why isn't anyone working?" and Mary was all "It's lunchtime, John... calm down!" (§Ú¦n¹³»¡¡u¬°¬Æ»ò¨S¦³¤H¦b¤u§@¡v¡A¦Óº¿ÄR¦n¹³»¡¡u²{¦b¬O¤ÈÀ\®É¶¡¡A¬ù¿«¡Aµy¦w¤Åļ¡v)¡C

µM¦Ó¡A³o¨ÇÃþ¦üªº¤u¨ã²{¦b¤w¤j¦h³Q like ©Ò¨ú¥N¡C²{¤µ¡Alike ªº³o¶µ¥Îªk¤£¶È­­©ó¥[¦{©Î¬Æ¦Ü¬ü°ê¡A´N³s­^¦¡­^»y¤]¶V¨Ó¶V¬y¦æ¡C

Q¡G ¥»¤H¤w¦h¦¸¦b°ê¥~¤@¨Ç¤p³øªººô¯¸¤Î¨ä¥Lºô¯¸¤W¬Ý¨ìÃþ¦ü "They are generous, not!" ©M "She is a good girl, not!" ³o¼Ëªº¼gªk¡A½Ð°Ý³o¸Ì not ªº·N¸q©M¥Îªk¬°¦ó?
A¡G ³o¥i¿× not ªº·s¥Îªk¡A­ì¥»¥u¦³¦b·|¸Ü¤¤¤~·|Å¥¨ì¡A¦ý®Ú¾Ú±zªº»¡ªk¡A³o¶µ¥Îªk¤]¤w¶}©l¥X²{¦b®Ñ­±¤¤¡C³o¬O¤@¶µ²§©ó´M±`ªº¥Îªk¡A¥¦¬O±N not ©ñ¦b¥y¥½¦Ó«D¥y¤¤¡C¥¦¦³ÂI¹³ªþ¥[°Ý¥y (tag question)¡A¬O¤@ºØ±NªÖ©w±Ô­z§_©wªºªþ¥[°Ý¥y¡C

µM¦Ó¡A³o­Ó not ¤£¥u¬O­Ó§_©wµü¦Ó¤w¡A¥¦¨ä¹ê¬O¦b±j½Õ»¡¸ÜªÌ§_©wªºÆ[ÂI¡C»¡¸ÜªÌ¨ä¹ê¬O¦b»¡¡u§Ú­è­è©Ò»¡ªº³£¬O¼o¸Ü¡B©U§£¡v¡C¥¦´N¹³ "No way!" ©Î "I don't think so!"¡A¤¤¤åªº·N«ä¤j·§¬O¡u¤~¤£!¡v¡B¡u¤~©Ç!¡v¡C©Ò¥H¡A¥¦³q±`©ñ¦b¬Û¤ÏªºÆ[ÂI©Î·N¨£¤§«á¡CÄ´¦p¡A±q¹q¼v°|¨«¥X¨Óªº¤H¥i¯à·|»¡ "'O, yeah, it was a great film, not!" (®@¡A¨º¬O¤@³¡«Ü´Îªº¼v¤ù¡A¤~©Ç!)¡C§A¤]¥i¯à·|Å¥¤H®a³o»ò»¡¡G"This is a cool website, not!" (³o¬O­Ó«Ü´Îªººô¯¸¡A¤~¤£©O!) ©Î "Sure we're ready, not!" (·íµM§Ú­Ì¤w·Ç³Æ¦n¤F¡A¤~©Ç!)¡C

ÅãµM¦a¡A³oºØ¥Îªkªº not ¬O¥Ø«e¬y¦æªº¥Î»y¡A¦ý¥i¯à¤£·|«ù¤[¡C¦pªG¥¦¯uªº¦b¤@¬q®É¶¡¤§«á´N¤£¦A³Q¨Ï¥Î¤F¡A¨º»ò§A´N¥i¥H»¡ "That's a cool bit of slang, not!" (¥¦¬O­Ó¦³ÂI»Åªº«Z»y¡A¤~©Ç!)¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A­^¤åÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó·N¬°¡u¤~©Ç¡F­ÓÀY¡vªº¥Î»y¡Gmy foot (¤£¬O¡u§Úªº¸}¡v)¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

"She says she's too busy to speak to you." (¦o»¡¦o¦£±o¨S®É¶¡¸ò§AÁ¿¸Ü)

"Busy, my foot! She just doesn't want to." (¦£? ¦£­ÓÀY! ¦o¥u¬O¤£·Q¸ò§ÚÁ¿¸Ü)

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦b "He needs must come." ³o¥y¤¤¡Aneeds ªºµüÃþ©M·N¸q¬°¦ó?
A¡G needs ³o­Ó¦r¥»¨­ªº«÷ªk´N¬O N-E-E-D-S¡A¬O­Ó°Æµü¡A¦ý¶È¸ò must ³s¥Î¡Aºc¦¨ must needs ©M needs must¡A¤£¹L³o¨âªÌªº·N«ä¨Ã«D§¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡Cmust needs ©M needs must §¡¦³¡u¥²¶·¡A°È¥²¡A¤£±o¤£¡vªº·N«ä¡A¦ý must needs ÁÙ·N¬°¡u°¾°¾¡A°¾­n¡F°í«ù¡v-- §t¦³ÃÕ¿Ø¡B¤£º¡ªº·N«ä¡A¦Ó needs must «hµL³o¶µ·N«ä¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
  • I must needs go there now. (§Ú²{¦b«D ¥h¨º¸Ì¤£¥i) (¥i¥Î needs must ¥N´À must needs)
    ¡@

  • She must needs go away when I want her. (§Ú»Ý­n¦o®É¡A¦o°¾°¾Â÷¶}¤F) (¤£¥i¥Î needs must)
    ¡@

  • The telephone must needs ring when I went to bed. ( §Ú¤W§ÉºÎı®É°¾°¾¦³¤H¨Ó¹q¸Ü) (¤£¥i¥Î needs must)

­^¤å¤¤¦³¥y¦¨»y´N¬O¨Ï¥Î needs must¡A¨º´N¬O "Needs must when the devil drives."¡A·N¬°¡u¤H¦b«Îò¤U¤£±o¤£§CÀY¡F±¡¶Õ©Ò¹G¡A¤£±o¤£µM¡v-- ³o¥y¦¨»y¤]¦¬¿ý¦b¡u­^»y¦¨»y¶é¦a¡vªº¡u±`¥Î¤¤¤å¦¨»y­^Ķ¡v³æ¤¸¤¤¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦b "That's a five hundred dollar/dollars dress." ³o¥y¤¤¡Adollar ­n¥Î³æ¼ÆÁÙ¬O½Æ¼Æ?
A¡G ·í½Æ¼Æ¦Wµü­×¹¢¨ä¥L¦Wµü®É¡A¥¦­Ì³q±`·|Åܦ¨³æ¼Æ¡A©Ò¥H That's a five hundred dollar/dollars dress. (¨º¬O¤@¥ó 500 ¤¸ªº¦çªA) ¤¤ªº dollar ­n¥Î³æ¼Æ¡C³o¤@³W«h¾A¥Î©ó¤j³¡¤À (¨Ã«D¥þ³¡) ¦Wµü¡A¥]¬A¨º¨Ç³q±`¥H½Æ¼Æ«¬ºA¥X²{ªº¦Wµü¡C¨Ò¦p¡G

a race for horses = a horse race (Áɰ¨) -- a race for horses ªº¼gªk¤£¦h¨£
a chair with arms = an arm chair (§ß¤â´È -- ²{¦b³£«÷¦¨ armchair)
a leg of a pair of trousers = a trouser leg (¿ÇºÞ)
a sharpener for scissors = a scissor sharpener ([¿i°Å¤Mªº] ¿i¤M¥Û)
a board for darts = a dart board ([§ëÂY­¸Ãðªº] ¶ê¹v -- ²{¦b³£«÷¦¨ dartboard)

 ¦ý³o³W«h¤]¦³¨Ò¥~¡G

a depot for arms (i.e. weapons) = an arms depot (­x±ñ®w)
a race for arms = an arms race (ªZ¾¹ÄvÁÉ) -- a race for arms ªº¼gªk¤ñ an arms race ¤Ö¨£³\¦h
a committee on elections = an elections committee (¿ïÁ|©e­û·|)
a tax on sales = a sales tax (Àç·~µ|)

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦b "He plays cards most every evening." ³o¥y¤¤¡Amost ©M every ¬°¦ó¥i¥H©ñ¦b¤@°_?
A¡G ³o¸Ìªº most »P§Ú­Ì©Ò¼ôª¾ªº·N¬°¡u¤j¦h¼Æ (ªº)¡vªº most ¤j²§¨ä½ì¡A¥¦ªº·N«ä¬O¡u´X¥G¡A®t¤£¦h¡v(= almost)¡C³o­Ó¦r¤@«×³Q¦L¨ê¦¨ 'most¡A¬O¬ü°ê¤f»y©M«D¥¿¦¡³õ¦Xªº¥Î¦r¡A¦ý°£¤F¦b¥¿¦¡ªº®Ñ­±¤å¥ó¥~¡A¥¦³£¬O¼Ð·Ç­^»y¡C³o­Ó most ³q±`¶È¥Î¦b anyone, anywhere, everybody, everywhere µ¥¤£©w¥N¦Wµü¥H¤Î any/every + ¦Wµü©Òºc¦¨ªº¤ù»y¤§«e¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
  • The iced tea was very sweet, as it is most everywhere in the South. (¦B¯ù«D±`²¢¡A¦b«n¤è´X¥G¨C­Ó¦a¤è³£¤@¼Ë)
  • Like most everybody else, I was shocked. (´N¸ò¨ä¥L´X¥G¨C­Ó¤H¤@¼Ë¡A§Ú·P¨ì¾_Åå)
  • He plays cards most every evening. (¥L´X¥G¨C±ßª±µP)
Q¡G ½Ð°Ý¦b "We need to have everyone sitting down at the same table." ³o¥y¤¤¡Asitting ¬O¤£¬O sit ¤§»~?
A¡G We need to have everyone sitting down at the same table. (§Ú­Ì±oÅý¤j®a§¤¦b¦P¤@®à) ³o¥y¤¤ªº have ¬°¨Ï§Ð°Êµü (causative verb)¡A¨ä«á¥i±µ­ì§Î°Êµü©Î°Ê¦Wµü¡A©Ò¥H sitting ¬O¥¿½T¥Î¦r¡A¨Ã«D sit ¤§»~¡C¤@¯ë¤H©Ò¾Ç¨ìªº¨Ï§Ð°Êµü¦³¤U¦C¨âºØÃþ«¬¡G

1. have + sb + ­ì§Î°Êµü / make + sb + ­ì§Î°Êµü / get + sb + to + ­ì§Î°Êµü -- ·N¬°¡u¨Ï©Î¥s¬Y¤H°µ¬Y¨Æ)¡v¡GI'll have the porter bring your baggage up right away. (§Ú·|¥s·h¹B¤u°¨¤W§â§Aªº¦æ§õ®³¤W¨Ó)¡FI had John find me a house. (§Ú¥s¬ù¿«À°§Ú§ä©Ð¤l)¡C

2. have/get + sth + PP (by sb) -- ·N¬°¡u¦w±Æ (¬Y¤H) °µ¬Y¨Æ¡v¡GI had my hair cut yesterday. (§Ú¬Q¤Ñ²z¤FÀY¾v)¡FThe place is looking much better since they had it redecorated. (¦Û±q¥L­Ì½Ð¤H­«·s¸ËæC«á¡A³o¦a¤è¬Ý°_¨Óº}«G¦h¤F)¡C

µM¦Ó¡Ahave ÁÙ¦³¤@ºØ¨Ï§Ð°Êµü¥y«¬¡A¨º´N¬O¡uhave + sb + Ving¡v¡GI had them all laughing at my jokes. (§ÚÅý¥L­ÌÅ¥¤F§Úªº¯º¸Ü¥þ¦h¯º¤F)¡C¦ý¥²¶·ª`·Nªº¬O¡Ahave, make, get ³o¤T­Ó¨Ï§Ð°Êµü¤¤¥u¦³ have ¦³¦¹¥y«¬¡F¦¹¥~¡A§O±N¡uhave + sb + Ving¡v³o­Ó¨Ï§Ð°Êµü¥y«¬»P have ¥t¤@­Ó¤]¬O¡uhave + sb + Ving¡vªº¥y«¬·d²V¤F -- «áªÌªº have ·N¬°¡u¤¹³\¡A®e§Ô¡v¡A³q±`¥Î¦b§_©w¥y¤¤¡C¨Ò¦p¡GWe can't have you going anywhere by taxi. (§Ú­Ì¤£¯à¤¹³\§AµL½×¥h­þ¸Ì³£·f­¼­pµ{¨®)¡FI won't have anyone smoking in here. (§Ú¤£®e³\¥ô¦ó¤H¦b³o¸Ì©â·Ï)¡C

Q¡G ½Ð°Ý the period ending July 1 ©M the period ended July 1 ¦³¦ó¤£¦P?
A¡G ³o¨âªÌ³£·N¬° 7 ¤ë 1 ¤éµ²§ôªº¬Y¬q®É¶¡¡A¥ç§Y³o¬q®É¶¡¬O¨ì 7 ¤ë 1 ¤é²×¤î¡A¦ý¥¦­Ìªº§t·N«oºIµM¤£¦P¡Cthe period ending July 1 ¬O«ü¥¼¨Óªº®É¶¡¡A¥¦¬O¤ù»y¡A¨ä¤¤ ending July 1 ¬O­×¹¢ the period ªº§Î®eµü¤l¥y that ends (on) July 1 ªº´î¤Æ¡A¦Ó the period ended (on) July 1 «h¬O«ü¹L¥hªº®É¶¡¡A¥¦¬O¥y¤l¡A¨ä²z¸Ñ¤è¦¡»P The war ended in 1975. (¾Ôª§©ó 1975 ¦~µ²§ô) ©Î The concert ended at 10 o'clock. (­µ¼Ö·|©ó 10 ÂIµ²§ô) ¤@¼Ë¡C³o¨âªÌ³£¬O¼Ð·Ç­^»yªº²ßºD¥Îªk¡C
Q¡G ½Ð°Ý seldom ever ©M seldom if ever ¦³¦ó¤£¦P?
A¡G ³o¨âªÌ¬O¦P¸qµü¡A·N¬° ¡u·¥¤Ö¡v¡F§Ú­Ì¦³®É¤]·|¬Ý¨ì seldom or ever ©Î seldom or never ³o¼Ëªº¼gªk¡A¦ýµL½×¬O­þ¤@­Ó¡A¥¦­Ì³£¬O¥Î¨Ó¥[±j»y®ð¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥Ñ©ó³o¥|­Ó¤ù»yªº»y·N¬O rarely and probably never¡A¥ç§Y¡u«Ü¤Ö¡A¥i¯à±q¨Ó¨S¦³)¡A¦]¦¹¥¦­Ì¥i¯à³y¦¨·N«ä¼Ò¸W¨â¥i¡C¨Ò¦p¡GI seldom ever go there. ¥i¯à·N¬° I seldom go there. (§Ú«Ü¤Ö¥h¨º¸Ì)¡A¤]¥i¯à·N¬° I don't ever go there. (§Ú±q¤£¥h¨º¸Ì)¡F¦]¦¹¡A«ØÄ³ seldom ©Î ever/never ¾Ü¤@¨Ï¥Î¡A¤£­n¨âªÌ³s¥Î¡C

seldom if ever ¥ç¥i¼g¦¨ rarely if ever¡A¦ý seldom ©Î rarely ©M if ¤§¶¡­n¥Î³rÂI¹j¶}¡A©ÎªÌ»¡±o§óºë½T¤@ÂI¡Aif ever «e«á¶·¥Î³rÂI¹j¶}¡C¨Ò¦p¡GThe method seldom, if ever, fails. (³o­Ó¤èªk·¥¤Ö¥¢±Ñ)¡FHe rarely, if ever, loses his temper. (¥L´X¥G±q¤£µoµÊ®ð)¡CÁöµM seldom/rarely if ever ¥i¯à³y¦¨ºÃ¸q¡A¦ý¥¦¬O­Ó»á¬°±`¨£ªº¤ù»y¡A¥i¥HÅý§Ú­Ìªí¹F¡u­Y¦³ªº¸Ü¡A¤]¬O«Ü¤Ö¡v¡B¡u¤Ö¤§¦³¤Ö¡A´X¥G¨S¦³¡v©Î¡u´X¥G±q¨Ó¤£¡F´X¥G±q¨Ó¨S¦³¡v(almost never) ªº·N«ä ¡C

[¤åªk°ÝÃD»P¸Ñµª]  [¤åªk°ÝÃD»P¸Ñµª¡G²Ä 4 ¶°]